1. 中国在非洲的外国直接投资数据概览
自 2003 年以来,中国对非洲的年度外国直接投资流量(在中国官方报告中也称为对外直接投资(OFDI))一直在稳步增长。
从 2003 年到 2019 年,这一数字从 2003 年的 7500 万美元激增到 2019 年的 27 亿美元。2008 年,由于中国工商银行(ICBC)购买了南非标准银行 20% 的股份,投资额达到 55 亿美元的峰值。
如下图所示,自 2014 年以来,中国对非洲的外国直接投资流量已超过美国,而美国的外国直接投资流量自 2010 年以来一直在下降。2019年中国外国直接投资的前五大非洲目的地分别是刚果民主共和国、安哥拉、埃塞俄比亚、南非和毛里求斯。

2. CARI 外国直接投资数据汇编
CARI 综合了各年《中国统计年鉴》和《中国对外直接投资统计公报》中的对外直接投资数据。数据由 1 万美元转换为百万美元。我们从美国商务部经济分析局(BEA)收集了美国对外直接投资的年度数据,以供比较。
3. 数据
我们有中国海外直接投资存量/流量数据报告的最早年份是 2003 年,该数据首次报告于 2007 年《中国统计年鉴》(CSY)和《中国对外直接投资统计公报》(SB)。
2007 年之前,《中国商务年鉴》(原《中国对外经济贸易年鉴》)报告了 1998 年至 2005 年的 “中国核准境外投资 “数据。然而,定义似乎有所变化,两个系列(海外直接投资数据和 “核准的海外投资 “数据)并不一致。如果没有关于 “批准的海外投资 “定义的进一步信息,这两个数据就很难进行比较。
然而,官方数据并不能说明太多问题。一方面,其他机构(如 FDIntelligence)通常会高估中国的投资,因为他们的研究人员似乎只记录了新闻发布会上宣布的初步协议,并假定这是一项外国直接投资承诺,会真正带来资金流动。但事实往往并非如此。但这些数字也被低估了,因为它们不包括存放在离岸金融中心的中国资金(英属维尔京群岛、开曼群岛,甚至是香港,中国近60%的外国直接投资都流向了香港),不包括较小的投资者,也不记录包括非洲资产但发生在其他司法管辖区的收购(例如,以超过 70 亿美元收购加拿大公司 Addax: Addax 在非洲有几处房产,在伊拉克也有房产,但投资却显示为 “瑞士”,而瑞士正是 Addax 的注册地)。
1-Chinese FDI Stock in African Countries
| US$ mn, unadjusted | Regional | Algeria | Angola | Benin | Botswana | Burkina Faso | Burundi | Cameroon | Cape Verde | CAR | Chad | Comoros | Congo, Rep. | Congo, Dem. Rep. | Cote d'Ivoire | Djibouti | Egypt | Equatorial Guinea | Eritrea | Ethiopia | Fmr. Sudan | Gabon | The Gambia | Ghana | Guinea | Guinea-Bissau | Kenya | Lesotho | Liberia | Libya | Madagascar | Malawi | Mali | Mauritania | Mauritius | Morocco | Mozambique | Namibia | Niger | Nigeria | Rwanda | Sao Tome & Principe | Senegal | Seychelles | Sierra Leone | Somalia | South Africa | South Sudan | Sudan | eSwatini | Tanzania | Togo | Tunisia | Uganda | Western Sahara | Zambia | Zimbabwe | Total, US$ mn | Total, US$ bn |
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| 2003 | 0 | 5.7 | 0.3 | 7.71 | 2.1 | 0 | 5.73 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.24 | 8.05 | 0 | 14.29 | 8.64 | 1.88 | 4.78 | 24.05 | 0.04 | 6.6 | 14.34 | 0 | 25.53 | 0.24 | 5.8 | 0.86 | 28.13 | 0.72 | 12.09 | 1.82 | 12.59 | 4.31 | 2.42 | 0.72 | 12.5 | 31.98 | 3.3 | 0 | 2.51 | 0.42 | 0 | 44.77 | 0.55 | 7.46 | 4.73 | 1.56 | 1.33 | 143.7 | 36.74 | 491.23 | 0.49123 | ||||||
| 2004 | 0 | 34.49 | 0.47 | 20.51 | 3.8 | 0.02 | 6.98 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | 5.65 | 15.69 | 14.1 | 0.4 | 14.28 | 10.21 | 0.12 | 7.87 | 31.27 | 0.2 | 6.31 | 25.77 | 0 | 28.46 | 0.03 | 6.38 | 0.87 | 40.63 | 0.72 | 13.16 | 2.13 | 12.63 | 9.06 | 5.6 | 2.21 | 14.03 | 75.61 | 3.3 | 0 | 2.58 | 0.42 | 5.74 | 58.87 | 171.61 | 53.8 | 6.24 | 1.28 | 0.23 | 147.75 | 38.06 | 899.56 | 0.89956 | ||||||
| 2005 | 0 | 171.21 | 8.79 | 19 | 18.12 | 0 | 7.87 | 0.6 | 2 | 2.71 | 0.01 | 13.32 | 25.11 | 29.11 | 0.4 | 39.8 | 16.56 | 0.12 | 29.82 | 35.36 | 1.19 | 7.33 | 44.22 | 0 | 58.25 | 0.6 | 15.95 | 33.06 | 49.94 | 0.73 | 13.28 | 2.4 | 26.81 | 20.59 | 14.68 | 2.36 | 20.44 | 94.11 | 4.72 | 0 | 2.35 | 4.19 | 18.45 | 112.28 | 351.53 | 62.02 | 4.78 | 2.15 | 4.97 | 160.31 | 41.63 | 1595.23 | 1.59523 | ||||||
| 2006 | 0 | 247.37 | 37.23 | 22.12 | 25.52 | 0 | 1.65 | 16.46 | 1.65 | 3.98 | 12.78 | 4.05 | 62.9 | 37.61 | 25.04 | 0.6 | 100.43 | 30.44 | 6.63 | 95.6 | 51.28 | 1.19 | 8.09 | 54.63 | 0 | 46.23 | 7.6 | 29.51 | 28.57 | 54.34 | 0.96 | 19.83 | 20.12 | 51.16 | 27.01 | 14.68 | 6.43 | 32.99 | 215.94 | 7.71 | 0 | 4.15 | 6.46 | 14.89 | 167.62 | 0 | 497.13 | 111.93 | 11.72 | 3.91 | 14.67 | 267.86 | 46.15 | 2556.82 | 2.55682 | ||||
| 2007 | 0 | 393.89 | 78.46 | 35.6 | 43.39 | 0 | 1.65 | 18.51 | 4.65 | 3.98 | 13.53 | 4.05 | 65.4 | 104.4 | 28.18 | 1.6 | 131.6 | 44.63 | 7.22 | 108.88 | 55.59 | 1.19 | 41.87 | 69.97 | 0 | 55.13 | 7.6 | 29.78 | 70.83 | 76.01 | 1.16 | 32.22 | 15.14 | 115.9 | 29.65 | 34.24 | 7.24 | 134.53 | 630.32 | 7.3 | 0 | 4.39 | 6.55 | 32.28 | 702.37 | 0 | 574.85 | 110.92 | 14.42 | 3.57 | 18.68 | 429.36 | 59.15 | 4461.83 | 4.46183 | ||||
| 2008 | 0 | 508.82 | 68.89 | 53.15 | 65.26 | 0 | 1.65 | 20.34 | 5.13 | 3.98 | 25.36 | 4.05 | 75.42 | 134.14 | 21.16 | 1.6 | 131.35 | 40.62 | 6.73 | 126.45 | 88.14 | 1.19 | 58.02 | 96.37 | 0 | 78.36 | 8.22 | 37.36 | 81.58 | 146.52 | 6.59 | 30.95 | 24.76 | 230.07 | 28.06 | 43 | 19.95 | 136.5 | 795.91 | 20.18 | 0 | 10.61 | 6.6 | 43.7 | 3048.62 | 0 | 528.25 | 190.22 | 23.12 | 3.57 | 11.98 | 651.33 | 60.01 | 7803.84 | 7.80384 | ||||
| 2009 | 0 | 751.26 | 195.54 | 54.01 | 119.25 | 0 | 4.64 | 25.05 | 5.04 | 16.71 | 76.57 | 4.05 | 115.17 | 397.43 | 37.65 | 7.03 | 285.07 | 61.5 | 9.6 | 283.44 | 100.05 | 1.19 | 185.04 | 129.32 | 27 | 120.36 | 8.32 | 56.39 | 42.69 | 196.22 | 14.54 | 44.72 | 31.29 | 242.84 | 48.78 | 74.96 | 46.18 | 184.2 | 1025.96 | 28.8 | 0 | 26.07 | 7 | 51.23 | 2306.86 | 0 | 563.89 | 281.79 | 33.02 | 2.27 | 58.56 | 843.97 | 99.75 | 9332.27 | 9.33227 | ||||
| 2010 | 0 | 937.26 | 351.77 | 39.33 | 178.52 | 0 | 6.51 | 59.61 | 4.58 | 46.54 | 80 | 4.04 | 135.88 | 630.92 | 32.99 | 12.47 | 336.72 | 86.25 | 12.54 | 368.06 | 125.34 | 1.19 | 202 | 136.41 | 27 | 221.58 | 8.88 | 81.67 | 32.19 | 229.87 | 32.4 | 47.77 | 45.88 | 283.29 | 55.85 | 75.24 | 47.11 | 379.36 | 1210.85 | 41.63 | 0.31 | 45.03 | 19.36 | 41.48 | 4152.98 | 0 | 613.36 | 307.51 | 58.11 | 2.53 | 113.68 | 943.73 | 134.54 | 13042.12 | 13.04212 | ||||
| 2011 | 0 | 1059.45 | 400.59 | 40.03 | 200.38 | 0 | 7.2 | 61.54 | 4.58 | 51.02 | 108.12 | 4.04 | 142.4 | 709.26 | 34.67 | 18.13 | 403.17 | 98.68 | 14.31 | 426.79 | 127.1 | 1.19 | 270.15 | 168.43 | 27 | 308.83 | 8.91 | 114.74 | 67.78 | 253.63 | 30.07 | 160.06 | 74.71 | 605.94 | 89.48 | 98.07 | 60.21 | 429.57 | 1415.61 | 58.52 | 0.31 | 45.2 | 23.8 | 52.23 | 4059.73 | 0.05 | 1525.64 | 407.07 | 67.15 | 6.29 | 126.21 | 1199.84 | 576.44 | 16244.32 | 16.24432 | ||||
| 2012 | 0 | 1305.33 | 1245.1 | 47.6 | 220.15 | 0 | 8.7 | 79.5 | 11.6 | 51.02 | 194.12 | 4.54 | 504.9 | 970.49 | 40.04 | 17.99 | 459.19 | 404.64 | 103.78 | 606.55 | 128.47 | 1.19 | 505.27 | 234.67 | 27 | 402.73 | 9.13 | 154.37 | 65.19 | 274.55 | 49.3 | 211.43 | 106.15 | 700.8 | 95.22 | 336.91 | 94.53 | 125.33 | 1949.87 | 63.54 | 0.38 | 102.22 | 77.19 | 57.71 | 4775.07 | 10.9 | 1236.6 | 540.8 | 98.38 | 5.69 | 141.1 | 1998.11 | 874.67 | 21729.71 | 21.72971 | ||||
| 2013 | 0 | 1497.21 | 1634.74 | 49.91 | 230.9 | 4.34 | 9.79 | 148.4 | 15.23 | 60.38 | 321.26 | 4.54 | 695.43 | 1091.76 | 35 | 30.55 | 511.13 | 260.85 | 104.55 | 771.84 | 168.48 | 1.19 | 834.84 | 338.58 | 27 | 635.9 | 9.13 | 196.1 | 108.82 | 286.1 | 253.82 | 316.67 | 108.28 | 849.59 | 102.96 | 508.09 | 349.45 | 241.87 | 2146.07 | 73.33 | 0.38 | 83.25 | 103.47 | 108.36 | 4400.4 | 26.47 | 1507.04 | 716.46 | 123.09 | 13.86 | 383.76 | 2164.32 | 1520.83 | 26185.77 | 26.18577 | ||||
| 2014 | 0 | 2451.57 | 1214.04 | 69.17 | 262.13 | 8.78 | 13.24 | 177.84 | 15.18 | 57.08 | 404.61 | 4.54 | 988.76 | 2168.67 | 64.29 | 40.08 | 657.11 | 208.2 | 106.71 | 914.62 | 180.41 | 1.24 | 1056.69 | 419.07 | 66.82 | 853.71 | 11.07 | 229.65 | 108.94 | 352.61 | 257.62 | 342.86 | 100.95 | 579.71 | 114.44 | 653.86 | 981.84 | 198.08 | 2323.01 | 110.72 | 0.38 | 130.01 | 114.4 | 147.74 | 5954.02 | 19.26 | 1747.12 | 885.18 | 135.81 | 14.56 | 464.1 | 2271.99 | 1695.58 | 32350.07 | 32.35007 | ||||
| 2015 | 0 | 2531.55 | 1268.29 | 87.31 | 321.08 | 0 | 12.37 | 207.34 | 15.18 | 46.22 | 422.72 | 4.53 | 1088.67 | 3239.35 | 126.78 | 60.46 | 663.15 | 231.63 | 119.41 | 1130.13 | 244.42 | 1.24 | 1274.49 | 382.72 | 69.06 | 1099.04 | 11.15 | 288.99 | 105.77 | 347.7 | 258.15 | 307.33 | 105.83 | 1096.58 | 156.29 | 724.52 | 380.44 | 565.44 | 2376.76 | 123.57 | 0.38 | 126.02 | 160.11 | 196.3 | 4722.97 | 35.98 | 1809.36 | 1138.87 | 128.82 | 20.84 | 722.15 | 2338.02 | 1798.92 | 34694.4 | 34.6944 | ||||
| 2016 | 0 | 2552.48 | 1633.21 | 102.51 | 437.5 | 0.2 | 12.42 | 366.74 | 15.23 | 35.61 | 396.64 | 4.53 | 782.91 | 3514.98 | 179.66 | 125.4 | 888.91 | 236.59 | 378.45 | 2000.65 | 256.83 | 3.84 | 1958.27 | 417.74 | 70.16 | 1102.7 | 6.63 | 297.3 | 211.12 | 297.63 | 259.05 | 320.01 | 193.36 | 1176.2 | 162.7 | 782.26 | 453.57 | 525.3 | 2541.68 | 89.36 | 0.38 | 149.59 | 246.65 | 188.82 | 6500.84 | 37.03 | 1104.34 | 1191.99 | 118.57 | 16.3 | 1006.47 | 2687.16 | 1839 | 39877.47 | 39.87747 | ||||
| 2017 | 0 | 1833.66 | 2260.16 | 104.37 | 296.87 | 0.2 | 10.29 | 424.36 | 14.63 | 16.12 | 412.25 | 4.53 | 1126.06 | 3884.11 | 303.68 | 232.86 | 834.84 | 395.97 | 216.55 | 1975.56 | 385.35 | 5.36 | 1575.36 | 675.45 | 76.39 | 1543.45 | 6.53 | 319.63 | 366.75 | 766.3 | 291.12 | 394.86 | 235.85 | 960.87 | 318.21 | 872.91 | 480.47 | 665.65 | 2861.53 | 99.25 | 0.38 | 214.3 | 231.27 | 184.22 | 7472.77 | 47.68 | 1201.56 | 1280.3 | 112.85 | 15.08 | 575.94 | 2963.44 | 1748.34 | 43296.49 | 43.29649 | ||||
| 2018 | 0 | 2062.86 | 2299.19 | 103.99 | 258.16 | 0.2 | 12.52 | 499.21 | 14.63 | 88.13 | 592.59 | 5.45 | 795.1 | 4444.46 | 441.54 | 178.49 | 1079.26 | 552.85 | 223.94 | 2568.16 | 258.66 | 24.79 | 1797.47 | 742.44 | 65.21 | 1755.88 | 6.53 | 260.39 | 425.68 | 803.35 | 292.1 | 301.47 | 232.61 | 997.66 | 382.29 | 1410.17 | 426.15 | 758.4 | 2453.49 | 146.82 | 0.38 | 314.65 | 451.91 | 168.06 | 6531.68 | 35.69 | 1325.07 | 1302.75 | 102.07 | 21.53 | 798.17 | 3523.02 | 1766.25 | 46103.52 | 46.10352 | ||||
| 2019 | 0 | 1775.35 | 2890.73 | 91.44 | 186.28 | 1.49 | 8.2 | 303.9 | 2.34 | 13.98 | 648.52 | 1.83 | 609.84 | 5596.6 | 564.34 | 125.26 | 1085.8 | 404.13 | 223.29 | 2558.87 | 252.21 | 13.9 | 1831.29 | 763.26 | 26.71 | 1624.23 | 5.93 | 167.65 | 299.43 | 272.91 | 161.45 | 305 | 181.4 | 1291.68 | 303.29 | 1146.75 | 363.59 | 956.71 | 2194 | 167.51 | 0.44 | 234.24 | 414.05 | 165.32 | 6146.57 | 26.88 | 1203.09 | 1335.54 | 101.16 | 36.62 | 669.94 | 2863.79 | 1771.48 | 44390.21 | 44.39021 | ||||
| US$ mn, unadjusted | Regional | Algeria | Angola | Benin | Botswana | Burkina Faso | Burundi | Cameroon | Cape Verde | CAR | Chad | Comoros | Congo, Rep. | Congo, Dem. Rep. | Cote d'Ivoire | Djibouti | Egypt | Equatorial Guinea | Eritrea | Ethiopia | Fmr. Sudan | Gabon | The Gambia | Ghana | Guinea | Guinea-Bissau | Kenya | Lesotho | Liberia | Libya | Madagascar | Malawi | Mali | Mauritania | Mauritius | Morocco | Mozambique | Namibia | Niger | Nigeria | Rwanda | Sao Tome & Principe | Senegal | Seychelles | Sierra Leone | Somalia | South Africa | South Sudan | Sudan | eSwatini | Tanzania | Togo | Tunisia | Uganda | Western Sahara | Zambia | Zimbabwe | Total, US$ mn | Total, US$ bn |
Author: Johns Hopkins Univeristy SAIS China-Africa Research Initiative
Title: Chinese FDI Stock in African Countries
Sources: The Statistical Bulletin of China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment published by China’s MOFCOM. It is usually updated in September or October of the year, http://fec.mofcom.gov.cn/article/tjsj/
Updated: 08 Jan 2021
There was an issue displaying the chart. Please edit the chart in the admin area for more details.
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Author: Johns Hopkins Univeristy SAIS China-Africa Research Initiative
Title: Chinese FDI Flow to African Countries
Sources: The Statistical Bulletin of China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment published by China’s MOFCOM. It is usually updated in September or October of the year, http://fec.mofcom.gov.cn/article/tjsj/
Updated 08 Jan 2021
There was an issue displaying the chart. Please edit the chart in the admin area for more details.
Provided file /var/www/html/bordersecurity.internationalstudies.cn/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/3-Chinese-end-of-the-year-FDI-Stock-to-Africa-top-5-sectors.csv does not exist!
Author: Johns Hopkins Univeristy SAIS China-Africa Research Initiative
Title: Chinese FDI Flow to African Countries
“Source: China Statistical Yearbook: “”Oversea Direct Investment by Countries or Regions””, various years.
Statistical Bulletin of China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment, various years. http://fec.mofcom.gov.cn/article/tjsj/tjgb/”
Updated 08 Jan 2021

