16年来,中非双边贸易稳步增长。然而,自2014年以来,大宗商品价格疲软极大地影响了非洲对中国的出口价值,尽管中国对非洲的出口保持稳定。我们的数据包括北非。2019年中非贸易额为1920亿美元,高于2018年的1850亿美元。2019年,非洲对华最大出口国是安哥拉,其次是南非和刚果共和国。2019年,尼日利亚是中国商品在非洲最大的出口目的地,其次是南非和埃及。
1. 中非双边贸易数据概览
过去 16 年来,中非双边贸易稳步增长。然而,自 2014 年以来,疲软的大宗商品价格极大地影响了非洲对中国的出口额,即使中国对非洲的出口保持稳定。我们的数据包括北非。
2019 年中非贸易额为 1920 亿美元,高于 2018 年的 1850 亿美元。
2019 年,非洲对中国最大的出口国是安哥拉,其次是南非和刚果共和国。
2019年,尼日利亚是中国商品的最大买家,其次是南非和埃及。
2. 卡里贸易数据汇编
尽管联合国商品贸易统计数据库(U.N. Comtrade)和中国政府来源的贸易数据并不完全相同,但两个来源的数据非常接近。为了保持一致,我们提供了所有 Comtrade 数据供用户下载。我们还纳入了美国与非洲的贸易数据,以进行比较。为了保持一致性,CARI 只提供中国政府报告的数据。非洲国家政府的贸易报告在频率和报告标准方面都不太一致。
3. 数据
3.1 官方数据
中国海关总署在其网站上汇编并报告季度和年度双边贸易统计数据。海关总署最先报告最新的贸易数据,通常以中英文报告。不过,使用他们的数据有几个注意事项。首先,虽然报告的数据以美元为单位,但不是以万美元为单位,就是以数十万美元为单位(wan 或 yi),而不是人们更熟悉的百万美元。其次,报告只有 PDF 格式,而不是逗号分隔值文件等数据友好格式。最后,中国海关的数据只能追溯到两年前。
《中国统计年鉴》(CSY)是贸易数据的另一个来源。《中国统计年鉴》从中国海关获得信息,其记录可以追溯到更早的年份。由于《中国统计年鉴》每年出版一次,因此其数据有一年的滞后期,而且其数据不能追溯更新。虽然他们的大部分文件都可以用 Excel 下载,但数据集的格式每年都不同,包括国家的顺序。
联合国商品贸易统计数据库的贸易数据是基于各个国家的报告或该数据库从官方来源下载的数据。商贸统计数据库的数据与《中国统计年鉴》和中国海关的数据密切吻合。商贸统计数据库的数据会不断更新。
3.2 其他数据来源
目前没有比中国政府和联合国提供的数据更可靠的数据来源。
中国对非出口(China Exporting to Africa)
Author: Johns Hopkins China-Africa Research Initiative
Title: China Exports to African Countries
Source: UNComtrade data from 1992-2019, http://comtrade.un.org/data/
Note: All figures are as reported by China.
中国从非进口(China Importing from Africa)
Author: Johns Hopkins China-Africa Research Initiative
Title: China Exports to African Countries
Source: UNComtrade data from 1992-2019, http://comtrade.un.org/data/
Note: All figures are as reported by China.
美国对非出口(US Exporting to Africa)
Author: Johns Hopkins China-Africa Research Initiative
Title: China Importing from African Countries
Source: UNComtrade data from 1992-2019, http://comtrade.un.org/data/
Note: All figures are as reported by the US.
美国从非进口(US Importing from Africa)
| US$ mn unadjusted | Algeria | Angola | Benin | Botswana | Burkina Faso | Burundi | Cote d'Ivoire | Cabo Verde | Cameroon | Central African Rep. | Chad | Comoros | Congo | Dem. Rep. of the Congo | Djibouti | Egypt | Equatorial Guinea | Eritrea | Ethiopia | Fmr Sudan | Gabon | Gambia | Guinea | Guinea-Bissau | Kenya | Lesotho | Liberia | Libya | Madagascar | Malawi | Mali | Mauritania | Mauritius | Morocco | Mozambique | Namibia | Niger | Nigeria | Rwanda | Senegal | Seychelles | Sierra Leone | Somalia | South Africa | South Sudan | Sudan | Swaziland | Togo | Tunisia | Uganda | United Rep. of Tanzania | Zambia | Zimbabwe | Total, US$ mn | Total, US$ bn |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1992 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1993 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1994 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1995 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1996 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1997 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1998 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1999 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2001 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2002 | 2560 | 3275 | 1 | 30 | 3 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 115 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 251 | 12 | 0 | 92 | 383 | 0 | 4 | 1158 | 232 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 56 | 1 | 11 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 5 | 122 | 23 | 29 | 0 | 121 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1269 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 5 | 38 | 6 | 7 | 46 | 160 | 10079 | 10 |
| 2003 | 5126 | 4506 | 1 | 14 | 1 | 2 | 37 | 0 | 115 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 815 | 26 | 0 | 153 | 412 | 0 | 5 | 1442 | 301 | 2 | 10 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 42 | 41 | 7 | 0 | 28 | 8 | 3 | 161 | 27 | 37 | 0 | 72 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 1840 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 22 | 17 | 4 | 28 | 48 | 167 | 15566 | 16 |
| 2004 | 7926 | 4797 | 2 | 74 | 1 | 0 | 108 | 0 | 149 | 6 | 223 | 0 | 1569 | 100 | 1 | 188 | 997 | 1 | 14 | 1706 | 400 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 17 | 417 | 14 | 0 | 107 | 50 | 7 | 214 | 44 | 47 | 0 | 463 | 16 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 2960 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 46 | 34 | 12 | 68 | 171 | 141 | 23149 | 23 |
| 2005 | 10835 | 8847 | 1 | 180 | 2 | 0 | 85 | 0 | 67 | 9 | 191 | 0 | 2278 | 176 | 1 | 211 | 1438 | 0 | 86 | 2614 | 352 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 14 | 942 | 14 | 2 | 79 | 4 | 8 | 277 | 74 | 76 | 0 | 527 | 12 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3443 | 0 | 0 | 23 | 32 | 44 | 20 | 171 | 252 | 158 | 33577 | 34 |
| 2006 | 16089 | 12175 | 1 | 254 | 1 | 2 | 125 | 0 | 200 | 9 | 260 | 0 | 2792 | 369 | 0 | 217 | 2538 | 1 | 132 | 1943 | 817 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 24 | 1 | 2 | 1694 | 24 | 1 | 114 | 402 | 7 | 359 | 80 | 122 | 1 | 278 | 22 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4085 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 22 | 51 | 18 | 153 | 270 | 139 | 45843 | 46 |
| 2007 | 18432 | 12926 | 5 | 189 | 2 | 1 | 41 | 0 | 160 | 7 | 84 | 0 | 2837 | 460 | 2 | 240 | 1697 | 3 | 87 | 4171 | 1096 | 9 | 92 | 0 | 28 | 1 | 3 | 1547 | 30 | 1 | 36 | 569 | 5 | 424 | 124 | 158 | 0 | 537 | 24 | 23 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 6618 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 26 | 30 | 20 | 204 | 395 | 143 | 53516 | 54 |
| 2008 | 20032 | 19498 | 33 | 220 | 1 | 0 | 71 | 0 | 479 | 21 | 42 | 0 | 3732 | 1584 | 2 | 429 | 2268 | 2 | 82 | 6326 | 1793 | 3 | 25 | 1 | 35 | 2 | 6 | 2589 | 65 | 8 | 63 | 1044 | 6 | 461 | 126 | 282 | 0 | 508 | 30 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 9235 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 31 | 90 | 17 | 132 | 522 | 148 | 72068 | 72 |
| 2009 | 11150 | 9703 | 0 | 133 | 2 | 1 | 63 | 0 | 398 | 15 | 65 | 0 | 1739 | 1136 | 0 | 753 | 1055 | 0 | 215 | 4685 | 714 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 30 | 2 | 4 | 3174 | 55 | 17 | 37 | 854 | 6 | 375 | 178 | 312 | 0 | 897 | 26 | 42 | 0 | 11 | 1 | 8693 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 36 | 108 | 20 | 196 | 1272 | 141 | 48342 | 48 |
| 2010 | 14944 | 12274 | 0 | 170 | 2 | 3 | 111 | 0 | 461 | 25 | 496 | 0 | 3122 | 2506 | 1 | 918 | 599 | 1 | 274 | 6672 | 970 | 15 | 55 | 4 | 39 | 5 | 22 | 4516 | 105 | 31 | 70 | 967 | 10 | 452 | 201 | 481 | 0 | 1072 | 39 | 51 | 0 | 11 | 2 | 14896 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 62 | 125 | 27 | 407 | 2578 | 246 | 70041 | 70 |
| 2011 | 14913 | 13833 | 2 | 294 | 4 | 14 | 162 | 0 | 663 | 28 | 265 | 0 | 4672 | 3162 | 0 | 1518 | 1673 | 1 | 292 | 9542 | 578 | 54 | 16 | 4 | 60 | 7 | 41 | 2064 | 103 | 46 | 150 | 1517 | 10 | 476 | 257 | 224 | 2 | 1584 | 78 | 69 | 0 | 28 | 6 | 32095 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 77 | 219 | 40 | 490 | 2776 | 464 | 94573 | 95 |
| 2012 | 10201 | 10030 | 3 | 222 | 2 | 11 | 143 | 0 | 890 | 49 | 221 | 0 | 4555 | 3527 | 1 | 1321 | 1823 | 1 | 309 | 0 | 618 | 85 | 11 | 7 | 52 | 5 | 230 | 6376 | 114 | 48 | 332 | 1469 | 11 | 558 | 403 | 241 | 37 | 1274 | 71 | 51 | 0 | 503 | 3 | 44654 | 499 | 1554 | 100 | 85 | 177 | 43 | 379 | 2687 | 584 | 96572 | 97 |
| 2013 | 4960 | 8923 | 3 | 278 | 6 | 9 | 257 | 0 | 366 | 41 | 104 | 0 | 5712 | 2746 | 0 | 1852 | 2470 | 51 | 316 | 0 | 899 | 78 | 84 | 17 | 53 | 13 | 164 | 2039 | 174 | 38 | 152 | 1729 | 13 | 531 | 455 | 258 | 16 | 1547 | 108 | 40 | 0 | 1453 | 16 | 48388 | 2468 | 2100 | 115 | 118 | 177 | 72 | 553 | 3048 | 688 | 95698 | 96 |
| 2014 | 4795 | 5838 | 6 | 324 | 6 | 4 | 216 | 0 | 689 | 29 | 108 | 0 | 5479 | 2816 | 2 | 1159 | 3217 | 323 | 490 | 0 | 1608 | 38 | 41 | 50 | 77 | 12 | 288 | 726 | 118 | 34 | 96 | 1171 | 14 | 518 | 1650 | 317 | 79 | 2658 | 92 | 47 | 0 | 1683 | 30 | 44571 | 4329 | 1521 | 46 | 166 | 210 | 112 | 436 | 3071 | 837 | 92148 | 92 |
| 2015 | 3537 | 2917 | 5 | 220 | 4 | 9 | 1062 | 2 | 143 | 3 | 1360 | 1 | 314 | 156 | 36 | 1480 | 175 | 0 | 319 | 0 | 353 | 1 | 108 | 0 | 594 | 344 | 47 | 167 | 325 | 64 | 5 | 1 | 405 | 1065 | 98 | 86 | 4 | 2004 | 47 | 75 | 6 | 40 | 1 | 7441 | 0 | 10 | 23 | 15 | 563 | 67 | 108 | 49 | 69 | 25928 | 26 |
| 2016 | 3419 | 2977 | 7 | 444 | 5 | 7 | 1201 | 4 | 161 | 1 | 957 | 3 | 138 | 178 | 28 | 1562 | 210 | 0 | 247 | 0 | 114 | 1 | 11 | 0 | 570 | 320 | 68 | 245 | 453 | 78 | 4 | 52 | 347 | 1059 | 109 | 92 | 6 | 4377 | 27 | 56 | 6 | 31 | 1 | 6903 | 0 | 15 | 17 | 11 | 404 | 54 | 152 | 47 | 24 | 27207 | 27 |
| 2017 | 3987 | 2686 | 18 | 784 | 5 | 9 | 1256 | 4 | 126 | 2 | 543 | 5 | 134 | 87 | 35 | 1719 | 378 | 0 | 303 | 0 | 209 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 588 | 317 | 95 | 1435 | 753 | 64 | 3 | 63 | 296 | 1288 | 149 | 120 | 7 | 7320 | 44 | 75 | 14 | 48 | 1 | 7894 | 0 | 14 | 21 | 15 | 477 | 82 | 127 | 67 | 48 | 33726 | 34 |
| 2018 | 4782 | 2769 | 19 | 469 | 5 | 14 | 1292 | 4 | 229 | 3 | 495 | 3 | 445 | 50 | 48 | 2582 | 606 | 0 | 458 | 0 | 299 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 660 | 430 | 65 | 1448 | 907 | 59 | 5 | 14 | 330 | 1616 | 115 | 120 | 30 | 5767 | 68 | 132 | 8 | 57 | 1 | 8650 | 0 | 17 | 14 | 14 | 669 | 72 | 99 | 191 | 79 | 36217 | 36 |
| 2019 | 2593 | 984 | 9 | 280 | 6 | 10 | 958 | 4 | 346 | 4 | 136 | 2 | 583 | 22 | 31 | 3298 | 349 | 0 | 588 | 0 | 127 | 2 | 11 | 2 | 686 | 333 | 72 | 1572 | 859 | 103 | 5 | 5 | 357 | 1649 | 140 | 145 | 48 | 4760 | 47 | 137 | 11 | 31 | 1 | 7964 | 70 | 23 | 16 | 14 | 485 | 83 | 134 | 84 | 49 | 30228 | 30 |
| US$ mn unadjusted | Algeria | Angola | Benin | Botswana | Burkina Faso | Burundi | Cote d'Ivoire | Cabo Verde | Cameroon | Central African Rep. | Chad | Comoros | Congo | Dem. Rep. of the Congo | Djibouti | Egypt | Equatorial Guinea | Eritrea | Ethiopia | Fmr Sudan | Gabon | Gambia | Guinea | Guinea-Bissau | Kenya | Lesotho | Liberia | Libya | Madagascar | Malawi | Mali | Mauritania | Mauritius | Morocco | Mozambique | Namibia | Niger | Nigeria | Rwanda | Senegal | Seychelles | Sierra Leone | Somalia | South Africa | South Sudan | Sudan | Swaziland | Togo | Tunisia | Uganda | United Rep. of Tanzania | Zambia | Zimbabwe | Total, US$ mn | Total, US$ bn |
Author: Johns Hopkins China-Africa Research Initiative
Title: China Importing from African Countries
Source: UNComtrade data from 1992-2019, http://comtrade.un.org/data/
Note: All figures are as reported by the US.
U.S.-Africa trade vs. China-Africa Trade (USD bn)
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Author: Johns Hopkins China-Africa Research Initiative
Title: China Importing from African Countries
Source: UNComtrade data from 1992-2019, http://comtrade.un.org/data/
Note: All figures are as reported by the US.


